Subsidies
With over 10 years of experience, the IISD Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) is widely recognized as a world-class leader in the quantification, evaluation, and reform of subsidies.
Governments around the world spend at least a trillion dollars a year on subsidies to exploit the world's natural resources. But faced with increasing fiscal constraints, and concerned about making their economies cleaner, more inclusive, and stable, governments are under increasing pressure to change course.
GSI works closely with governments to help them move away from subsidies that hinder sustainability. The goal is to encourage individual governments to undertake unilateral reforms on subsidy policy where these would deliver clear economic, environmental, and social benefits. GSI also aims to generate a consensus in the World Trade Organization and in other forums on the need to take resolute, ongoing, and systematic action to reduce or eliminate subsidies that are trade-distorting and undermine sustainable development.
Related projects
Global Subsidies Initiative
GSI programs and research place a spotlight on fossil fuel subsidies and the corrosive effect they have on economic development, governance and environmental quality.
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Tracker
Explore the latest global fossil fuel subsidy estimates from all major sources in one interactive database.
Fisheries Subsidies
IISD works to support the WTO negotiations to end harmful fisheries subsidies.
Articles
IISD’s Best of 2025: Publications
As 2025 draws to a close, we’re revisiting our most downloaded publications of the year.
Five Trends That Have Shaped Global Subsidies Over Decades
As we celebrate the Global Subsidies Initiative's 20th anniversary, we asked our experts how thinking on government support has shifted over time.
How G20 Nations can Make Progress After Group Stalls on Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform
In this year’s Leaders’ Declaration, the G20 failed to restate their commitment to phase out fossil fuel subsidies, yet countries still have credible platforms to move forward collectively.
New Research
The Energy Tab
Energy subsidies in South Africa, 2025.
A Step-by-Step Guide for Governments to Prepare Fossil Fuel Subsidy Inventories
This guidance paper is intended to assist COFFIS members and other governments—including at the subnational level—in producing an inventory of fossil fuel subsidies.
Indonesia’s Next Cooking Transition
This report compares three alternatives—induction stoves, dimethyl ether (DME), and city gas—and finds that induction stoves are the most practical and viable option to support Indonesia’s shift to cleaner, non-fossil cooking
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2025
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2025 gathers the latest available data on energy-related government support and revenues in India, including fiscal year 2023–2024.
Experts
Ivetta Gerasimchuk
Director, Energy Program, International Strategy
Christopher Beaton
Director, Energy Program, Public Financial Flows
Philip Gass
Director, Energy Program, Just Transitions and Canada
Alice Tipping
Director, Trade and Sustainable Development
Richard Bridle
Senior Policy Advisor
Anna Geddes
Associate
Tristan Irschlinger
Senior Policy Advisor
Tara Laan
Lead, Incentivizing Renewables
Shruti Sharma
Lead, Affordable Energy
Anissa Suharsono
Associate
Vibhuti Garg
Associate and Senior Energy Specialist
Tom Moerenhout
Associate
Andrea Bassi
Senior Associate
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